Partnerships, using the basic principles of social franchising, could address many challenges in the operation and/or maintenance of water services. Development of this concept in South Africa is moving from research into practice.
Reference:
Wall, K, Bhagwan, J, Ive, O and Kirwan, F. 2013. Where there's muck, there's brass: Creating sustainable franchise micro-businesses to do water services operation and maintenance in South Africa. In: 36th WEDC International conference, Nakuru, Kenya, 1-5 July 2013: Delivering water, sanitation and hygiene services in an uncertain environment
Wall, K., Bhagwan, J., Ive, O., & Kirwan, F. (2013). Where there's muck, there's brass: Creating sustainable franchise micro-businesses to do water services operation and maintenance in South Africa. Loughborough University. http://hdl.handle.net/10204/7349
Wall, K, J Bhagwan, O Ive, and F Kirwan. "Where there's muck, there's brass: Creating sustainable franchise micro-businesses to do water services operation and maintenance in South Africa." (2013): http://hdl.handle.net/10204/7349
Wall K, Bhagwan J, Ive O, Kirwan F, Where there's muck, there's brass: Creating sustainable franchise micro-businesses to do water services operation and maintenance in South Africa; Loughborough University; 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10204/7349 .
36th WEDC International conference, Nakuru, Kenya, 1-5 July 2013: Delivering water, sanitation and hygiene services in an uncertain environment. Abstract only attached.