Tomography of the quantum state of photons entangled in high dimensions

Abstract

Systems entangled in high dimensions have recently been proposed as important tools for various quantum information protocols, such as multibit quantum key distribution and loophole-free tests of nonlocality. It is therefore important to have precise knowledge of the nature of such entangled quantum states. The authors tomographically reconstruct the quantum state of the two photons produced by parametric downconversion that are entangled in a d-dimensional orbital angular momentum basis. They determine exactly the density matrix of the entangled two-qudit state with d ranging from 2 to 8. The recording of higher-dimensional states is limited only by the number of data points required and therefore the length of time needed to complete the measurements. They find all the measured states to have fidelities and linear entropies that satisfy the criteria required for a violation of the appropriate high-dimensional Bell inequality. Their results therefore precisely characterize the nature of the entanglement, thus establishing the suitability of such states for applications in quantum information science.