dc.contributor.author |
Serwale, MR
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Coetsee, T
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Sole, KC
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|
dc.contributor.author |
Fazluddin, Shahed
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|
dc.date.accessioned |
2023-05-12T09:56:14Z |
|
dc.date.available |
2023-05-12T09:56:14Z |
|
dc.date.issued |
2022-12 |
|
dc.identifier.citation |
Serwale, M., Coetsee, T., Sole, K. & Fazluddin, S. 2022. Purification of titanium sponge produced by lithiothermic reduction of titanium tetrachloride: Effect of leaching conditions. <i>Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 122(12).</i> http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12770 |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.issn |
2411-9717 |
|
dc.identifier.issn |
2225-6253 |
|
dc.identifier.uri |
http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/2117/2022
|
|
dc.identifier.uri |
http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12770
|
|
dc.description.abstract |
The CSIR-Ti process employs lithiothermic reduction of titanium tetrachloride feedstock to produce titanium sponge. The product is therefore contaminated by a range of lithium and chloride species. In this study we examine the effects of particle size, temperature, and HCl concentration as input leaching variables on the removal of chlorides from the crude titanium sponge. A review of the aqueous chloride chemistry of Li and Ti provided initial conditions for leaching of impurity species from the sponge. Experimental results confirm that the effectiveness of leaching and removal of dissolved impurities from the sponge are dependent on leaching kinetics, which are influenced by temperature, particle size, and morphology. Of the variables tested, reaction temperature had the strongest influence on the oxygen content of the leached product. The HCl lixiviant concentration had a negligible effect under the conditions tested. Leaching of crude titanium sponge (-10 mm size fraction after crushing) at 14°C in either 1 M or 0.032 M HCl yielded a titanium sponge product that met the ASTM standard specification for commercially pure Grade 1 titanium, i.e., oxygen content < 0.18 mass% and chloride content < 0.15 mass%. |
en_US |
dc.format |
Fulltext |
en_US |
dc.language.iso |
en |
en_US |
dc.relation.uri |
http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2225-62532022001200010&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en |
en_US |
dc.source |
Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 122(12) |
en_US |
dc.subject |
CSIR-Ti process |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Leaching |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Lithiothermic reduction |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Purification |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Titanium sponge |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Titanium tetrachloride |
en_US |
dc.title |
Purification of titanium sponge produced by lithiothermic reduction of titanium tetrachloride: Effect of leaching conditions |
en_US |
dc.type |
Article |
en_US |
dc.description.pages |
733-740 |
en_US |
dc.description.note |
All the contents of this journal, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. |
en_US |
dc.description.cluster |
Manufacturing |
en_US |
dc.description.impactarea |
Design Analysis and Testing |
en_US |
dc.identifier.apacitation |
Serwale, M., Coetsee, T., Sole, K., & Fazluddin, S. (2022). Purification of titanium sponge produced by lithiothermic reduction of titanium tetrachloride: Effect of leaching conditions. <i>Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 122(12)</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12770 |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.chicagocitation |
Serwale, MR, T Coetsee, KC Sole, and Shahed Fazluddin "Purification of titanium sponge produced by lithiothermic reduction of titanium tetrachloride: Effect of leaching conditions." <i>Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 122(12)</i> (2022) http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12770 |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.vancouvercitation |
Serwale M, Coetsee T, Sole K, Fazluddin S. Purification of titanium sponge produced by lithiothermic reduction of titanium tetrachloride: Effect of leaching conditions. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 122(12). 2022; http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12770. |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.ris |
TY - Article
AU - Serwale, MR
AU - Coetsee, T
AU - Sole, KC
AU - Fazluddin, Shahed
AB - The CSIR-Ti process employs lithiothermic reduction of titanium tetrachloride feedstock to produce titanium sponge. The product is therefore contaminated by a range of lithium and chloride species. In this study we examine the effects of particle size, temperature, and HCl concentration as input leaching variables on the removal of chlorides from the crude titanium sponge. A review of the aqueous chloride chemistry of Li and Ti provided initial conditions for leaching of impurity species from the sponge. Experimental results confirm that the effectiveness of leaching and removal of dissolved impurities from the sponge are dependent on leaching kinetics, which are influenced by temperature, particle size, and morphology. Of the variables tested, reaction temperature had the strongest influence on the oxygen content of the leached product. The HCl lixiviant concentration had a negligible effect under the conditions tested. Leaching of crude titanium sponge (-10 mm size fraction after crushing) at 14°C in either 1 M or 0.032 M HCl yielded a titanium sponge product that met the ASTM standard specification for commercially pure Grade 1 titanium, i.e., oxygen content < 0.18 mass% and chloride content < 0.15 mass%.
DA - 2022-12
DB - ResearchSpace
DO - 10.17159/2411-9717/2117/2022
DP - CSIR
J1 - Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 122(12)
KW - CSIR-Ti process
KW - Leaching
KW - Lithiothermic reduction
KW - Purification
KW - Titanium sponge
KW - Titanium tetrachloride
LK - https://researchspace.csir.co.za
PY - 2022
SM - 2411-9717
SM - 2225-6253
T1 - Purification of titanium sponge produced by lithiothermic reduction of titanium tetrachloride: Effect of leaching conditions
TI - Purification of titanium sponge produced by lithiothermic reduction of titanium tetrachloride: Effect of leaching conditions
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12770
ER -
|
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.worklist |
26540 |
en_US |