Innovating for Broadband: The Case of Television White Space Networks in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract

Television white space (TVWS) networks based on geo-location spectrum databases (GLSDs) present an excellent opportunity to provide affordable broadband to underserved rural communities in Sub-Saharan Africa. In this paper, we explore potential pathways to full-scale commercial deployment and diffusion of TVWS/GLSD technology in Sub-Saharan Africa from an innovation perspective. This is our key research contribution since previous works have focused on individual components of innovation in relation to TVWS/GLSD technology in Sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere. In contrast, we explore the entire innovation process, from invention to commercialisation to diffusion. The case of South Africa is considered, in comparison with several other countries and sub-regions in Sub-Saharan Africa. We explain the technology behind TVWS networks and GLSDs, and the current state of TVWS and GLSD pilots, trials and commercial deployments in Sub-Saharan Africa. We then outline the broadband penetration and policy environment context. We examine the case in terms of four innovation paradigms, namely, inclusive innovation, open innovation, systems of innovation, and diffusion of innovation. We proceed to analyse existing and potential responses in terms of innovation policy and industrial policy. We assess the implementation status and conclude by summarising the paper, drawing key lessons and insights from the preceding discourse, and making recommendations for policy makers and practitioners.