Author:Rampersad, Ashiel; George, Theresa B; Mokoena, Refiloe; Mgangira, Martin B; Gräbe, PJDate:Jul 2018The contamination of railway ballast (referred to as ballast fouling) is commonly caused by ballast particle degradation, external debris fouling due to surface spillage and clay fouling due to subgrade pumping. Intrusion of these fines in ...Read more