Author:Dlungwana, Wilkin S; Mapiravana, Joseph; Ampofo-Anti, Naa Lamkai; Dumani, NozonkeDate:Dec 2017The building sector represented the largest uptake globally of natural fibre reinforced
composites (NFRCs)1 in 2005 (Sharma et al, 2007). As the sector which consumes
about 50% of all raw materials extracted from the Earth’s crust annually ...Read more
Author:Mapiravana, JosephDate:Mar 2014Concrete is second only to water in terms of the most consumed substances on earth. Cement is the "glue" which holds concrete together and it is therefore a construction material which is produced and consumed in huge quantities worldwide. ...Read more
Author:Dumani, Nozonke; Mapiravana, JosephDate:Jan 2024The manufacturing of cement contributes to approximately 5-7% of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, necessitating the need for reducing the environmental impact. Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3) has emerged as a promising ...Read more
Author:Van Wyk, Llewellyn V; Mapiravana, Joseph; Ampofo-Anti, NDate:Jan 2012Most buildings up to the early nineteenth century, with the notable exception of prestigious public buildings, were constructed from easily available local materials. In the nineteenth century, developments in transport modes enabled the ...Read more